This belief, which is contrary to standard medical practice, remains an additional point of controversy with authorities, especially in cases concerning children. In particular, they oppose blood transfusions, because of the scriptural admonition against the consumption of blood (Leviticus 3:17). Witnesses also oppose certain medical practices that they believe violate Scripture. The leaders of some mainstream Christian churches have denounced the Witnesses for doctrinal deviation (especially their non-Trinitarian teachings) and have condemned them as a “cult.” They disavow terms such as minister and church. The Witnesses’ distrust of contemporary institutions extends to other religious denominations, from which they remain separate. They continue to face persecution in several countries, however, particularly for their refusal to serve in the military, and they are often publicly derided for their door-to-door evangelism. After the war the Witnesses brought several suits in American courts dealing with their beliefs and practices, resulting in 59 Supreme Court rulings that were regarded as major judgments on the free exercise of religion. In Germany prior to World War II, the Nazis sent Witnesses to concentration camps, and Witnesses were also persecuted in Britain, Canada, and the United States. government sent Rutherford and other Watchtower leaders to prison for sedition during World War I. These practices have brought them under the scrutiny of government authorities. They do not salute the flag of any nation, believing it an act of false worship they refuse to perform military service and they do not participate in public elections. Although they are generally law-abiding, believing that governments are established by God to maintain peace and order, they refuse on biblical grounds to observe certain laws. The Witnesses’ teachings stress strict separation from secular government. Only those thought to be among the 144,000 corulers eat and drink the bread and wine. Witnesses participate in the annual commemoration of Christ’s death, celebrated on 14 Nisan of the Jewish calendar (March or April of the Gregorian calendar) Witnesses pass around bread and wine, symbols of the body and blood of Christ. Marriage is considered a holy covenant, and divorce is disapproved of except in cases of adultery. New members are baptized by immersion and are expected to live by a strict code of personal conduct. Those who acknowledge Jehovah in this life will become members of the millennial kingdom those who reject him will not go to hell but will face total extinction. Witnesses believe that they are living in the last days, and they look forward to the imminent establishment of God’s kingdom on earth, which will be headed by Christ and jointly administered by 144,000 human corulers (Revelation 7:4). The Holy Spirit is the name of God’s active force in the world. Jesus Christ is God’s agent, through whom sinful humans can be reconciled to God. They affirm that God-Jehovah-is the most high. Witnesses hold a number of traditional Christian views but also many that are unique to them. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.
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